THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS AND THE CATHEDRAL BUILDERS
In October we
went on a tour around the old part of Salamanca. We want to share what we
learnt with you.
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Alumnos-as 2º ESO B |
THE FIRST
SETTLERS
The first settlers in the area date back to about 2000 b.C. Different
tribes lived here. Next Greeks and Carthaginians inhabited the town. The first
settlement was in Teso de San Vicente. There you can see the remains of
vacceo’s villages from the sixth and seventh centuries. The monastery of
Benedictine monks of San Vicente was in the Teso de San Vicente. It is the
oldest part in the city.
THE VERRACO
People think the Verraco is a pig, but others think it is a bull. This
Verraco is the oldest sculpture in Salamanca. It is very famous in Spain. The
strangest thing is that the Verraco was exhibited in other places. Once it was
thrown into the river. There are many different theories about its meaning. It
may have a mystical or religious meaning.
THE STATUE OF LAZARILLO DE TORMES
The statue of
Lazarillo de Tormes is in Salamanca, next to the Roman Bridge and the River
Tormes. It is a very important monument. It is a sculpture, with two people
(the Lazarillo and the blind), it is very beautiful. The statue of Lazarillo de
Tormes and the blind represents two characters from a book set in Salamanca.
Its name is “El Lazarillo de Tormes”.
THE DOOR OF HANNIBAL
The remains of the door
of Hannibal or Hercules are the oldest in the city. The legend says the
Carthaginian general entered Salamanca through it. When the French were there,
they decided to demolish it and open a shortcut from the bridge to the
University door, to avoid the large gap that existed in the area, but the
project was never started. The arc of the door disappeared in the late
nineteenth century, but you can see the remains.
TENTENECIO STREET
A popular legend says
that Tentenecio Street is called Tentenecio because long ago Saint Juan de Sahagún
was walking along this street and a big bull approached him. It had escaped
from the market and was running madly. Sahagún shouted
"tente,necio!!" and the bull amazingly, stopped, that´s the reason why
this street is called Tentenecio. This was thought to be a miracle, a wonderful
and surprising event that is believed to be caused by God. Saint Juan de Sahagún
made a miracle when he stopped the bull on Tentenecio Street.
THE WEATHERVANE ATOP THE DOME
On the weathervane you
can see a cock. In fact the tower is called the Cock Tower. It belongs to the
Old Cathedral of Salamanca. It is one of the most beautiful domes (cimborrios)
in our country. This tower is very famous and symbolizes the vigilance of the
soul and the coming of Christ.
1775 LISBON EARTHQUAKE
On October, 31st,
1775 there was an earthquake. This earthquake took place in Lisbon.After this earthquake
there was a tsunami (a gigant wave). In Salamanca people hid in the New
Cathedral. The Cathedral Tower was badly damaged. Every year on October, 31st a
man called the Mariquelo climbs up the tower and he prays that this horrible
event won’t happen again.
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Hare and stork |
SAINT MARTIN’S CHAPEL
Saint Martín’s chapel is under the Bells
Tower. In the chapel there are many mural paintings. They tell the story of Saint
Martín’s life. There is also a church of St. Martín which is in Corrillo
Square, next to the Main Square.
THE COAT OF ARMS OF CASTILLA Y LEÓN
In this chapel you can
find the coat of arms of Castilla y León too. It’s believed that King Alfonso
VII designed the lion and King Alfonso VIII designed the castle. King Fernando
III united the kingdoms as well as the symbols.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW
CATHEDRALS
The
most important is the year when they were built: the Old Cathedral (XIII th
Century) is older than the New Cathedral ( XVII th Century). The New Cathedral
is bigger than the Old Cathedral, but the Old Cathedral is more beautiful and
simpler than the new one. The Old
Cathedral was built in romanesque style and the New Cathedral in the gothic and
baroque styles.
THE CIMBORRIO LOOKS LIKE A PIECE OF FRUIT CUT IN HALF
The Cimborrio of the
Old Cathedral of Salamanca looks like an orange. The Cimborrio (dome) has got
an octagonal body, a cylindrical tambour with big windows. The dome of the
Cimborrio is called “gallonada”.
THE ALTARPIECE
53 tablets make up the
altarpiece which depicts the life of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. They were made
by Nicolás Florentino. Some of the tables are inspired and show the image of
the Virgin of the Vega, the patron saint of Salamanca.
THE CRAYFISH, STORK,
HARE AND THE ASTRONAUT
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The astronaut |
You can find them carved on the doorway known as “Puerta de Ramos” (New
Cathedral). They are symbols for Salamanca. You can easily see them here. They
represent land, water and air. Next to them you can see an astronaut. One of
the artisans in charge of the restoration wanted to add a symbol of the 20th
century.
We liked this tour because we could learn
many things about our city. The teacher spoke in English and it was not easy, but
we enjoyed it very much. We liked walking on the tombs too, it was very funny.
ALUMNOS/AS 2º ESO B